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Importance of physical activity in patients with diabetes
Kozáková, Eva ; Škrha, Jan (advisor) ; Pehr, Martin (referee)
Aim of the thesis: The research aimed to evaluate the importance of long-term regular physical activity in patients with diabetes. Methods: In total, 53 patients with diagnosed diabetes from the Third Department of Internal Medicine of the General University Hospital in Prague were selected for the research. In order to achieve the aim of the study, a combination of data collection in the form of an anonymous questionnaire survey of own design and laboratory results from the medical records in the hospital's information system Medea was used. During the completion of the questionnaire, the patients were consulted in detail and they had the opportunity to ask their own questions and receive a short education on the subject. All data were recorded in tables and subsequently processed into graphs in the computer program Microsoft Office Excel. Statistical evaluation was performed using Tibco Statistica 14.0 software. Results: Regular physical activity is associated with more favourable laboratory results. The most important parameter in assessing physical activity was a question about daily physical activity lasting at least 30 minutes. Patients who were physically active more than 30 minutes per day had significantly better HbA1c (50±9 vs. 60±15 mmol/mol, p<0.01), total cholesterol (3.7±0.8 vs....
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Host-microbe interactions and its consequences for intestinal inflammation and carcinogenesis
Kejzlarová, Leona ; Kverka, Miloslav (advisor) ; Smrž, Daniel (referee)
A number of physiological and pathological processes, including the transition from chronic inflammation to cancer, are affected by commensal microbes. However, abundance of microbes and ability to produce active metabolites in the intestine depend on environmental factors, particularly diet. Microbes can influence this process in two ways, by producing genotoxic substances that directly damage the epithelium or by stimulating the inflammatory response. The aim of my thesis was to study the interaction among gut microbiota, diet and the immune system with the subsequent influence on the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) in an experimental mouse model. Animals were fed synthetic diets containing either normal amounts of animal protein (17%; KD) or elevated amounts of animal protein (51%; HPD) throughout the experiments. Two weeks after the diets were introduced, intestinal tumors were induced by administering azoxymethane (AOM) and inducing acute inflammation with 2% sodium dextran sulfate one week after AOM injection. At the end of the experiment I evaluated the number of tumors in the colon and the status of the immune response in the intestine, mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen. To study the effect of macrophages, a similar experiment was performed in animals with depleted macrophages using...
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Web Application for Dietary Plan Creation
Matějíček, Vojtěch ; Zendulka, Jaroslav (referee) ; Bartík, Vladimír (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor's thesis was creation of a web application which generates daily menus based on measuring body losses. User creates records of his losses at regular intervals. Food in these menus correspond to food or dietary plan that user chooses from three implemented plans. Therefore, getting familiar with principles of creating web applications and studying theory of implemented dietary plans were both part of this thesis. Application provides opportunity to review recipes and creates shopping lists. Recipes, menus and shopping lists can be printed. User registers and logs in the application with his e-mail and password.
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Mobile Application to Control the Diet of Patients on Dialysis
Pavlacký, Ondřej ; Kolář, Dušan (referee) ; Goldmann, Tomáš (advisor)
The goal of this thesis is to create an intuitive mobile application for Android operation system which will help dialysis patients by displaying approximate values of monitored substances in their body and replace classic paper records. Thanks to this mobile application patients are going to have better overview of consumed foodstuffs a help them stick to their diet. When inserting the foodstuff patients will select from the database of foodstuffs and the application will calculate values that the food contains. Patients can also expand the database with their own food. Application will also register periods between dialysis and from the length of the period, patients' weight and their diuresis calculate maximal values of monitored substances (water, potassium and phosphorus). Patients will also see values from passed periods, which will we shown in statistics. Data will be persistently saved in local and remote database. Application is developed on Xamarin platform.
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Specifics of nursing care for a paediatric patient after hip surgery
Husárová, Katarína ; Tomová, Šárka (advisor) ; Klokočková, Šárka (referee)
Background: This bachelor thesis deals with the specifics of nursing care for a child patient after hip joint surgery. Objectives: The aim of the research was to find out the specifics of nursing care for a patient after hip surgery in orthopedic departments or clinics located in Slovakia or Czech Republic. Subsequently the findings were evaluated and compared. Methods: The self-constructed questionnaire prepared for the bachelor's thesis was anonymous and non-standardized. A total of 37 nurses working in orthopedic departments or clinics participated in the research exploration. From a geographical point of view, they were employees of 2 Slovak and 2 Czech hospitals.For statistical analysis, given the stated hypotheses and the nature of the data, we used the test of agreement of two proportions, Chi - square association with Yates correction, Cohran's test of equality of pooled proportions and a series of McNamar's tests with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons Results: Nurses working in the orthopedic department with children's patients in Slovakia and the Czech Republic prepare their patients for surgery and for what awaits them after it. They also focus on meeting the needs of children's patients, of which they perceive psychological needs the most. Psychological support,...
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Effect of caloric restriction on neuroplasticity
Sonina, Alisa ; Málková, Petra (advisor) ; Kolář, David (referee)
Calorie restriction has been shown to have a wide range of beneficial effects on health and longevity, although its effects on brain function are not as well known. This paper reviews the current state of research on the effects of calorie restriction on neuroplasticity, including studies examining the molecular, structural, and behavioral effects of dietary restriction in animal and human models. Overall, the evidence suggests that caloric restriction promotes neuroplasticity. However, further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms underlying these effects and to determine the optimal duration and intensity of caloric restriction. Key words: Caloric restriction, neuroplasticity, diet, cognition, neurogenesis, metabolism
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Consent to adoption of minor
Boháčiková, Sabina ; Hendrychová, Michaela (advisor) ; Šustek, Petr (referee)
1 Consent to adoption of minor Abstract The diploma thesis deals with current legal regulation of consent to adoption. The thesis is divided into six parts, in which the regulation of consent to adoption in Czech legal system is discussed, with the aim to provide comprehensive explanation of consent to adoption. In the first part, the author deals with the adoption in general. Author explains the basic terms that are key for understanding the issue itself, namely child, child available for adoption, best interest of the child. Author also discusses the requirements to adopt a child and the process of adoption. The author also focusses on international treaties that govern an adoption. The second part deals with the legal regulation of parental consent and mention specific reasons when parental consent for adoption is not required. The consent of parent of the adopted child is also discussed with the regard to the status of parent suffering from a mental disorder, as well as the parent with no capacity to act. Author also discusses the consent of adopted child regarding to participation rights of a child. Finally, the author discusses the consent of adoptive parent's spouse. The third part of the diploma thesis is devoted to the reasons when parental consent to adoption ceases to be effective and...
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Factors of cognitive superaging - a systematic review
Thompsonová, Eliška ; Daďová, Klára (advisor) ; Šteffl, Michal (referee)
Title: Lifestyle Factors and Successful Ageing: A Systematic Review on the SuperAger Phenomenon Background: As the world's population continues to age, the importance of studying the elders becomes more relevant. Age is one of the most prominent risk factors for diseases and understanding how to overcome or prevent the onset of any of them should be the goal for us as health promoting professionals. One of the straight-forward preventive measures is lifestyle. Objectives: The aim of this thesis was to assemble lifestyle factors that potentially contribute to the successful ageing of SuperAgers. Methods: A total of 6 databases were systematically reviewed using keywords established to help answer the review question. 654 studies were identified through the primary search and 10 studies were identified by hand search. After removing the duplicates, another 590 studies were excluded and 20 studies were selected for further eligibility. These studies were assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Results: The number of studies finally retrieved from the systematic search was 20. Physical activity was identified as the most likely lifestyle factor to be positively associated with SuperAgeing. Social engagement, diet and adherence to cognitive activities were also found to be influential, as opposed to...
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